Here in the U.S., there is 300m ISSF type competition, but it's kind of hard to find as not many ranges are set up for it.
There is NRA HighPower, which encompasses a number of classes:
First, there is Across (or Over) the Course shooting, referred to as OTC or XTC. Basically 3-position for centerfires, the course is Slowfire Standing @ 200yds, Rapidfire Sitting @ 200yds, Rapidfire Prone @ 300yds, and Slowfire Prone @ 600yds. You get a block of time equal to 1 minute per shot in the Slowfire events, but the RapidFire events require going from Standing to Sitting/Prone, firing 10 shots (including a reload) in 60 (Sitting) or 70 (Prone) seconds. There are 50 and 80 shot courses of fire (10 offhand, 10 rapid sitting, 10 rapid prone, 20 slow prone for 50rd, or 20 each stage for 80rd), and of course there are reduced versions for ranges not having the full distance available. There are basically 2 divisions: Service Rifle (think M1 Garand, M1A, or M16A2 lookalike, 4.5# trigger), or Match Rifle (no optics, no palm rest or butthook, and preferably goes bang are about the only restrictions). Anything not a Service Rifle is automatically a Match Rifle.
Second, there is Long Range, which is Slowfire Prone only, shot on targets beginning at 600yds (whole lot of shooters consider that *too* easy, so the rules may be a-changin') on out to 800, 900, & 1000yds. Basically you have Palma rifles, which are normally .308 Winchester pushing a 155gr match bullet, though there are provisions now for 80gr .223 Rem as well, iron sights only, then Match Rifles (Any-Iron) which still use iron sights, but any caliber (6mm BR, 6.5-08, 6.5-284 are popular) goes, followed by Any/Any rifles, which amount to Match Rifles w/ a scope on them. A popular LR match format consists of a 'Palma' match, 15 rds @ 800, 900, & 1000yds each w/ iron sights, followed by a 20rd Any/Any round at 1000, allowing competitors to take the iron sights of their rifles and slap a scope on. A limited (but growing) number of ranges are shooting 'Fullbore' matches in a format similar to what is used in the Commonwealth countries such as Canada, UK, Oz, etc. Very similar to 'Palma', w/ some subtle but important differences, such as putting multiple shooters on one target (pair firing) vs one shooter per target (string firing) which is the norm here in the U.S. As I understand it, overseas Fullbore goes on out to 1200yds or so. Yikes!
The general 'migration' trend was people would start out shooting Service Rifle XTC while their eyes were still good enough to handle the short sight radius, and move to Match Rifle for XTC either when they achieved a number of goals or awards only possible w/ the Service Rifle, or when their eyesight no longer played nicely w/ the SR sights. As the shooters got older, they'd move on to LR Prone, being a little easier on the body, and then Any/Any when no amount of fooling around w/ lenses, diopters, etc. would produce results w/ the iron sights. F-Class was created originally to allow aging shooters that for one reason or another couldn't comfortably shoot prone from a sling anymore, allowing them to continue shooting alongside their friends on the same targets at distance. This is very much a generalization, as people are free to enter and participate at any stage they feel like, and do so frequently.
F-Class has kind of mutated, at least here in the U.S., in to a full-blown arms race. Basically it evolved into belly-bencrest, w/ some people literally using the same rifle and rests for 1000yd Benchrest competition as they do F-Class. A number of the shooters joining the ranks of F-class here in the U.S. are more of the 'tactical' ilk, shooting essentially .308 Win sniper rifles. Obviously, there's a definite performance gap btwn a top-o-the-line tactical rifle shooting a .308 Win, and a full-blown 1k BR rifle shooting a high-speed VLD wildcat, so there has become 'Open' class, which is pretty much 'run what ya brung', wide open to all comers w/ a 22 pound weight limit, and then 'TR' class (debates on whether it should be 'Target Rifle', for the Palma shooters moving over, or 'Tactical Rifle' for those folks coming in rages on) w/ a caliber restriction of .223 Rem & .308 Win, and a 18# weight limit.
I think I hit most of the high points, w/o too many gross errors (I hope). Some web sites that cater to the various venues are:
www.floridahighpower.com, w/ forums at forums.delphiforums.com/flahighpower/start (despite the regional name, top name shooters from across the country participate, both XTC and LR)
www.long-range.com (lots of top-flite competitors from U.S. and abroad in Palma, Fullbore, and F-class here)
www.nationalmatch.us (sister site to long-range.com but oriented to the Across-the-Course discipline - 'National Match' is the name of the 50rd course of fire)
And then the forums at
www.benchrest.com/forums is where some of the guys crossing over from 1k BR to F-class hang out.
HTH,
Monte